Sun and skin: benefits, risks and how to protect yourself
By Dr. Leana Quintanilla de Sánchez, dermatologist · Published · Updated
Benefits of the sun
- Vitamin D: sunlight helps the body make vitamin D, which is needed for the mineralization of bones and teeth.
- Mood: it promotes the production of serotonin, which is linked to a feeling of well-being.
- Controlled medical use: in some skin conditions, such as psoriasis or vitiligo, light exposure can be part of the treatment, always prescribed and supervised by the dermatologist, with specific times and durations. It is not a general recommendation.
Any excess is harmful. Some people sunbathe or tan too much looking for that feeling of well-being, forgetting that too much exposure can cause skin cancer.
Sun damage to the skin
Unprotected exposure, especially during the hours of strongest radiation, can cause:
- Sunburn.
- Premature aging and breakdown of collagen: the skin becomes more wrinkled and saggy.
- Dark spots.
- A higher risk of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma, the most dangerous because it can spread to other parts of the body.
Warning signs
Basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas can look like a "pimple" or "spot" that never goes away, bleeds when rubbed, grows or changes color. If you have a lesion like that, see a dermatologist.
People who have already had skin cancer are more likely to develop another, so they need regular check-ups with their dermatologist. A family history of melanoma also increases the risk.
How to protect yourself from the sun in El Salvador
- Avoid direct sun between 10:00 and 16:00.
- Use sunscreen every day, broad-spectrum and SPF 30 or higher, on all exposed areas: face, ears, neck, chest, arms and hands.
- Reapply every 2 hours if you are in the sun, and after sweating or swimming.
- Wear a wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses and clothing that covers your skin.
- Take special care to protect children.
- Check your skin regularly and see a dermatologist early to avoid complications.
Frequently asked questions
Do I need sunscreen if I'm not going to the beach?
Yes. In El Salvador the sun's radiation is high all year round, even on cloudy days and during everyday activities such as driving or walking.
Does sunscreen stop my body from making vitamin D?
In practice, most people make enough vitamin D from normal daily exposure. If you are concerned, ask your doctor.
Can I sunbathe to improve my psoriasis or vitiligo?
Only if your dermatologist recommends it, at the times and for the duration she sets.
Do you have a lesion that won't heal or a mole that has changed? Learn about skin cancer checks or book an appointment.
This article is for information only and does not replace a medical consultation.
