The most common skin conditions in children
By Dr. Leana Quintanilla de Sánchez, dermatologist · Published · Updated
In my practice I often see children with skin problems. Many are mild and respond well to treatment, but it is important to see a doctor early and not to treat them on your own. These are some of the most common conditions.
1. Atopic dermatitis (eczema)
It causes redness, dryness and a lot of itching. It mainly affects the creases of the elbows and the backs of the knees, and also the arms, legs, cheeks and, in some children, the skin under the eyes. These children often have rosy cheeks and had cradle cap as babies. It can be associated with asthma, rhinitis, sinusitis and other allergies.
What helps: short baths with lukewarm water, a mild soap for sensitive skin, moisturizer every day and the treatment the dermatologist prescribes during flare-ups.
2. Molluscum contagiosum
It is caused by a virus. It looks like small, firm bumps, skin-colored or pearly, sometimes with a tiny dot in the center. They spread to other parts of the body and can pass from one child to another. They can go away on their own over time, but if they spread, appear near the mouth, nose or genitals, or the child has a weakened immune system, it is best to see a doctor.
3. Hemangiomas
These are growths of blood vessels that appear at birth or in the first weeks of life, most often on the scalp, face, back or chest. Some are flat and others are raised. Many shrink on their own over the years, but others can remain. See a doctor soon if it grows quickly, is raised, ulcerates or is near the eyes, nose, mouth or diaper area. There are medical and surgical treatments depending on the case.
4. Diaper rash
It is a red inflammation on the baby's buttocks and genital area. It causes irritation, burning and a lot of discomfort. The main cause is contact with urine and stool; if the baby has atopic dermatitis, it can be more uncomfortable.
What helps: changing the diaper often, cleaning with lukewarm water, patting the skin dry without rubbing and applying a barrier cream.
5. Fungal infections
In the diaper area and in skin folds, fungal infections appear when the skin stays damp or is not dried well when the diaper is changed. They can also appear where underwear or the diaper rubs or presses. In older children, fungal infections can affect the scalp and cause patchy hair loss.
6. Contact dermatitis
It causes red skin, itching, burning and a lot of discomfort. It is caused by contact with a product that irritates the skin.
What helps: using creams and soaps made for children, always washing new clothes before wearing them and using baby detergent. Children's skin is very delicate and does not tolerate just any product. It is controlled with medical treatment and, above all, by removing whatever is causing it.
Other common conditions
Lice (pediculosis), scabies and seborrheic dermatitis, among others.
My advice
See a doctor early and never treat your child on your own: do not use adult creams, cortisone creams without medical advice, or leaf baths or home remedies. A timely consultation can keep the lesion from getting infected, spreading or becoming complicated.
Frequently asked questions
Can I use my own cortisone cream on my child?
Not without medical advice. Cortisone creams can be useful, but used incorrectly they thin the skin and can make some infections worse.
Is atopic dermatitis contagious?
No. It is not contagious.
Is molluscum contagiosum contagious?
Yes, through direct contact and by sharing towels. It is best for the child not to scratch the bumps.
Does your child have a skin problem? Learn about pediatric dermatology or book an appointment.
This article is for information only and does not replace a medical consultation.
