Parabens in cosmetics: should we use them or not?
By Dr. Leana Quintanilla de Sánchez, dermatologist · Published
In recent years many products labeled "paraben-free" have appeared, and that has raised questions. Are they dangerous? Should we avoid them?
What are parabens?
They are a group of preservatives, that is, substances that keep bacteria and fungi from growing in a product. They are among the most widely used preservatives in cosmetics. Without preservatives, a cream or a shampoo could become contaminated and cause infections or irritation.
How to spot them on the label
Look in the ingredient list for names ending in "-paraben":
- Methylparaben
- Ethylparaben
- Propylparaben
- Butylparaben
Other parabens, such as isopropylparaben, isobutylparaben and benzylparaben, are no longer allowed in cosmetics in the European Union.
Where are they found?
In creams, shampoos, conditioners, deodorants, shower gels and makeup. They are also used as preservatives in some medicines and foods.
Are they safe?
- Toxicity: the body absorbs and eliminates them quickly, mainly in the urine. The U.S. FDA states that it does not have information showing that parabens, as they are used in cosmetics, affect health.
- Regulation: in 2014 the European Union banned some parabens and reduced the permitted concentration of propylparaben and butylparaben, as a precaution.
- Cancer: in 2004, a small study found parabens in samples of breast cancer tissue. That study did not show that parabens caused the cancer, and to date no causal link has been established.
- Allergies: in most people they do not irritate the skin or cause allergies. A very small percentage of the population is allergic and may develop irritation or contact dermatitis.
Should I buy "paraben-free" products?
It is not necessary if you are not allergic to them. "Paraben-free" products use other preservatives, which can also cause allergies in some people. "Paraben-free" does not automatically mean "better for your skin".
My advice
If you have sensitive skin, allergies or a skin condition, ask the dermatologist before choosing cosmetics or medicines. If you suspect an allergy to a product, specific tests can identify the substance responsible.
Frequently asked questions
Do parabens cause cancer?
They have not been shown to cause cancer in the amounts used in cosmetics.
How do I know if I am allergic to parabens?
If a product causes redness, itching or hives where you apply it, stop using it and see a dermatologist. The dermatologist can identify the substance responsible.
Don't "natural" products have preservatives?
Almost all products that contain water need some preservative. "Natural" products can also cause allergies.
Do creams or cosmetics irritate your skin? Book a consultation with Dr. Leana Quintanilla. See skin conditions.
This article is for information only and does not replace a medical consultation.
